The events in Andijon in May 2005 precipitated a signifi cant deterioration of relations between Central Asian republics and the West, while at the same time enhancing Russian and Chinese positions in the region. Enhancing Western position in the region will require a more coordinated and systematic approach, as well as a transparent policy implementation process. NATO should serve as primary vehicle in building deeper ties with the region. Furthermore NATO should explore possibilities for multilateral engagement with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Turning NATO – SCO cooperation into a functioning multilateral mechanism would greatly enhance regional ability to address short-term and long-term security threats as well as build a level of trust between participating members resulting in real, enduring security gains...