Since the 1960s the Middle East has become one of the hot spots of geopolitics.The rich energy resources of the region have attracted global attention. During the Cold War, the usual suspects of the energeopolitics of the Middle East were the petroleum exporting countries of the region, the U.S. and the Soviets. With the end of the Cold War, the energy equilibrium of the region has drastically changed. China and India have appeared as rapidly industrialized powers, Turkey and Iran consolidated their position as regional powers, and Russia was resurrected as a new energy superpower. Within this context, this article assesses the new energy order and discusses Turkey, Iran and Persian Gulf States as the key regional players in current energy equations of the Middle East.