This article discusses the impact of European integration on minority policies in Greece and Turkey. The history of minorities and the evolution of state policies in Greece and Turkey are examined. The paper argues that minority policies have rested upon the logic of marginalization, intimidation and reciprocity in both countries. However, European integration has provided policymakers in Athens and Ankara with a framework to legitimize their reform policies. Thus, significant improvements in minority policies have taken place in the last two decades, even though shortcomings remain.