The European Union (EU) has played a critical role in Turkey’s reform process since the end of the Cold War but over time it has become less central a factor in Turkey’s internal transformation. The goals of “Europeanization” and “democratization” are no longer fully intertwined and the ruling elite seems to be focused on power consolidation just as much as on democratic consolidation. The ongoing discussion around the adoption of a new civilian Constitution provides a key test for Turkish political parties to prove their democratic credentials while offering the EU an opportunity to revamp its relationship with Turkey after the loss of credibility and influence suffered in recent years.